Experimental Study on the Inhibitory Effect of Eugenol on Inflammatory Activation of Hepatic Stellate Cells by MSCs / 中山大学学报(医学科学版)

ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the effects of eugenol on inhibiting the inflammatory activation of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells （HUC-MSCs） and the pro-inflammatory phenotype of hepatic stellate cells （HSCs） in liver fibrosis， and to explore their underlying mechanisms. MethodsHUC-MSCs were cultured and identified in vitro， and the toxicity of eugenol to HUC-MSCs was evaluated by MTT method. The effect of eugenol on the migration ability of HUC-MSCs was investigated by in vitro scratch test. The expression of α-SMA， COL1A1， Smad2/3 and p-Smad2/3 of LX-2 cells activated by TGF-β1 treated with EU-MSCs-CM and MSCs-CM were detected by WB assay. EU-MSCs-CM and MSCs-CM treated THP-1 macrophages stimulated with Lipopolysaccharide （LPS） were analyzed for the expression of surface markers CD11b， CD86， and CD206 by flow cytometry. Additionally， the expression of pro-inflammatory genes TNF-α， IL-1β， and IL-6 in THP-1 macrophages was detected by qPCR. ResultsThe results of MTT method showed that the viability of the cells remained above 90% after 24 h and 48 h treatment at 0， 7.5， 15 μg/mL. In vitro scratches showed that eugenol treatment enhanced HUC-MSCs migration. WB results showed that compared with MSCs-CM treatment， EU-MSCs-CM treatment significantly inhibited the expression of α-SMA， COL1A1， Smad2/3， and p-Smad2/3 of activated HSCs. Flow cytometry showed that compared with MSCs-CM treatment， EU-MSCs-CM treatment had a more significant inhibitory effect on CD86， a M1-type polarization marker in THP-1 macrophages. The results of qPCR experiment showed that compared with MSCs-CM treatment， EU-MSCs-CM treatment more significantly inhibited the expressions of TNF-α， IL-1β and IL-6 of THP-1 macrophage proinflammatory genes. ConclusionsEugenol enhances the inhibitory effect of HUC-MSCs on inflammatory activation of HSCs， possibly by regulating TGF-β1/Smads signaling pathway. It also enhances the inhibitory effect of HUC-MSCs on the pro-inflammatory phenotype of macrophages. Proinflammatory macrophages can promote inflammatory activation of HSCs.

Matrix Stiffness Affects Mitochondrial Heterogeneity of Tibial Plateau Chondrocytes in Knee Osteoarthritis / 医用生物力学

Objective To investigate the difference of matrix stiffness in different regions of tibial plateau in osteoarthritis (OA) and its effects on morphology of the cartilage and mitochondria. Methods The tibial plateau cartilage specimens of OA were obtained for nanoindentation test, transmission electron microscopy and histological analysis. The stiffness of cartilage matrix in different regions of OA tibial plateau was detected by nano-indentation. The morphology of cartilage mitochondria in different regions was observed by transmission electron microscopy, and the changes of mitochondrial plane area, shape and ridge volume density were quantitatively analyzed. Cartilage injury in different regions of OA tibial plateau was observed by histological staining. Results The cartilage of OA tibial plateau showed regional heterogeneity, and the cartilage and mitochondria on medial side of varus knee OA were more severe, and the matrix stiffness was higher. The OA scores were positively correlated with matrix stiffness. There was also a significant correlation between OA scores and mitochondrial morphology: the higher OA scores, the larger and rounder mitochondrial plane area, and the lower cristae volume density. Conclusions The differences of tibial plateau revealed the correlation between cartilage matrix stiffness, OA scores and mitochondrial morphological parameters. The increased cartilage matrix stiffness may be the main cause of chondrocyte mitochondrial injury, and further aggravate the progression of OA.

Normative wideband absorbance measures in children: a cross-sectional study / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective: This study was to investigate the main characteristics and related factors of wideband absorbance (WBA) in children with normal hearing and to obtain age-specific reference range of WBA. Methods: 384 children between 0-12 years old (615 ears) who visited the Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University from October 2019 to February 2021 were enrolled, including 230 males (376 ears) and 154 females (239 ears), with totally 306 left ears and 309 right ears. Wideband tympanometry (WBT) was performed and normative WBA data were analyzed by SPSS 24.0 statistical software. Repeated measures and multivariate analysis of variance were applied to the data from 16 points at 1/3-octave frequencies (226, 324, 408, 500, 667, 841, 1 000, 1 297, 1 682, 2 000, 2 670, 3 364, 4 000, 5 339, 6 727 and 8 000 Hz) to evaluate the effects of frequency, age, external auditory canal pressures, gender and ear on WBA. Results: According to the WBT frequency-absorbance curve, the subjects were divided into seven groups: 1-month old group, 2-month old group, 3-month old group, 4-5 month old group, 6-24 month old group,>2-6 year old group and>6-12 year old group. The WBA of normal-hearing children underwent a series of developmental changes with age at both ambient pressure and tympanometric peak pressures. WBA results for 1-month group and 2-month old group exhibited a multipeaked pattern, with the peaks occurring around 2 000 and 4 897 Hz, and a notch around 3 886 Hz. WBA results for 3-month group and 4-5 month old group exhibited a single broad-peaked pattern, with the peak occurring between 2 000-4 757 Hz. The WBA of 1-month old group to 4-5 month old group decreased gradually at low frequency (226-408 Hz) and 6 727 Hz, and increased at middle to high frequency (2 670-4 000 Hz). The WBA of 6-24 month old group were significantly lower than that of 2-month old group to 4-5 month old group at all frequencies except 3 364 and 4 000 Hz. WBA results for 6-24 month old group,>2-6 year old group and>6-12 year old group exhibited a single-peaked pattern, and the peak frequency of WBA moved to the lower frequency successively. From 6-24 month old group to>6-12 year old group, the WBA gradually increased at low to middle frequencies (667-2 670 Hz) and 8 000 Hz, and decreased at middle to high frequencies (3 364-5 339 Hz). Among the 16 frequencies of all age groups, the difference between WBA under ambient pressure and tympanometric peak pressure were -0.09-0.06, and 43.75%-81.25% frequency points had statistically significant difference, which was mainly manifested in that WBA under ambient pressure were lower than that under tympanometric peak pressure at 226-1 682 Hz. There was no significant ear effect on all of the age groups. Similarly, there was no significant gender effect except for 3-month old group and 4-5 month old group. Conclusions: The WBA of normal-hearing children measured at ambient pressure and tympanometric peak pressure varied across the frequencies with age from 1 month to 12 years old, and different frequencies followed different change patterns (increase vs. decrease) in WBA. There was also significant external auditory canal pressures effect on all of the age groups. The establishment of age-specific reference range of WBA for 0-12 years old normal-hearing children in this study would be useful for clinical practice of determining normative data regarding WBT.

Leisure time physical activity, sedentary behavior and sleep of children and adolescents aged 6-14 in Beijing / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To describe the current situation of leisure time physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep duration of children and adolescents aged 6-14 in Beijing, and provide a reference basis for guiding school age children to carry out reasonable physical activities and formulating effective intervention measures.@*Methods@#A multistage stratified cluster random sampling method was used to investigate the nutritional and health status of 3 460 students in the first,third,fifth and seventh grades. Through the questionnaire surveys, the basic information of children and families and the activity information of children physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep were collected and statistically analyzed.@*Results@#The results showed that the median time of children daily leisure time physical activity (LTPA) was 20.0 (8.6, 38.6) min, children in suburb areas (18.6 min) and seventh grade (14.3 min) had shorter LTPA time( Z/H =5.12，119.11， P <0.01). The average daily sleep duration of children was (8.71 ± 0.76) h, the proportion of school age children with insufficient sleep reached 54.7%. With an increase in grades, the incidence of insufficient sleep increased significantly ( χ 2=407.13， P <0.01). The median daily sedentary time of children was 195.7(145.0, 255.7 ) min, and 84.5% of children engaged in more than two hours of sedentary behavior every day. Urban (202.9 min) and obese children (210.4 min) had longer sedentary behavior time, and with the increase in grade, the daily sedentary behavior time of children gradually increased ( Z/H =5.04，14.83，637.98， P <0.01).@*Conclusion@#Children and adolescents aged 6-14 years in Beijing have less LTPA time, too much sedentary time, and insufficient sleep duration. Grade is an important factor affecting physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep duration of children, and body shape may be related to their sedentary behavior and sleep time.It is suggested that targeted policies should be adopted for children of different grades to increase their physical activity and reduce their sedentary behavior to promote their healthy development.

Clinical Observation of Venetoclax Combined with Demethylating Agents on the Treatment of Relapsed/Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the efficacy and safety of venetoclax (VEN) combined with demethylating agents (HMA) in the treatment of relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia (R/R AML).@*METHODS@#The clinical data of 26 adult R/R AML patients who received the combination of VEN with azacitidine (AZA) or decitabine (DAC) in Huai'an Second People's Hospital from February 2019 to November 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. The treatment response, adverse events as well as survival were observed, and the factors of influencing the efficacy and survival were explored.@*RESULTS@#The overall response rate (ORR) of 26 patients was 57.7% (15 cases), including 13 cases of complete response (CR) and CR with incomplete count recovery (CRi) and 2 cases of partial response (PR). Among the 13 patients who got CR/CRi, 7 cases achieved CRm (minimal residual disease negative CR) and 6 cases did not, with statistically significant differences in overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS) between the two groups (P=0.044, 0.036). The median OS of all the patients was 6.6 (0.5-15.6) months, and median EFS was 3.4 (0.5-9.9) months. There were 13 patients in the relapse group and refractory group, respectively, with response rate of 84.6% and 30.8% (P=0.015). The survival analysis showed that the relapse group had a better OS than the refractory group (P=0.026), but there was no significant difference in EFS (P=0.069). Sixteen patients who treated for 1-2 cycles and 10 patients who treated for more than 3 cycles achieved response rates of 37.5% and 90.0%, respectively (P=0.014), and patients treated for more cycles had superior OS and EFS (both P<0.01). Adverse effects were mainly bone marrow suppression, complicated by various degrees of infection, bleeding, and gastrointestinal discomfort was common, but these could be all tolerated by patients.@*CONCLUSION@#VEN combined with HMA is an effective salvage therapy for patients with R/R AML and is well tolerated by patients. Achieving minimal residual disease negativity is able to improve long-term survival of patients.

A research on epilepsy source localization from scalp electroencephalograph based on patient-specific head model and multi-dipole model / 生物医学工程学杂志

Accurate source localization of the epileptogenic zone (EZ) is the primary condition of surgical removal of EZ. The traditional localization results based on three-dimensional ball model or standard head model may cause errors. This study intended to localize the EZ by using the patient-specific head model and multi-dipole algorithms using spikes during sleep. Then the current density distribution on the cortex was computed and used to construct the phase transfer entropy functional connectivity network between different brain areas to obtain the localization of EZ. The experiment result showed that our improved methods could reach the accuracy of 89.27% and the number of implanted electrodes could be reduced by (19.34 ± 7.15)%. This work can not only improve the accuracy of EZ localization, but also reduce the additional injury and potential risk caused by preoperative examination and surgical operation, and provide a more intuitive and effective reference for neurosurgeons to make surgical plans.

Analysis of OTC gene variants in four children with delayed onset Ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency / 中华医学遗传学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To analyze the clinical manifestation and genetic basis for four children with delayed onset Ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency (OTCD).@*METHODS@#Clinical data of four children with OTCD admitted to the Children's Hospital of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2020 to April 2021 were reviewed. Peripheral blood samples of the children and their parents were collected and subjected to whole exome sequencing (WES). Bioinformatic analysis and Sanger sequencing verification were carried out to verify the candidate variants. Impact of the candidate variants on the protein structure was also predicted.@*RESULTS@#The clinical manifestations of the four children included vomiting, convulsion and disturbance of consciousness. WES revealed that the child 1 was heterozygous for a c.421C>T (p.R141X) variant in exon 5, children 2 and 3 were hemizygous for a c.119G>A (p.R40H) variant in exon 2, and child 4 was hemizygous for a c.607T>A (p.S203T) variant in exon 5 of the OTC gene. Among these, the c.607T>A variant was unreported previously and predicted to be pathogenic (PM1+PM2_Supporting+PP3+PP4). Bioinformatic analysis has predicted that the variant may result in breakage of hydrogen bonds and alter the protein structure and function. Sanger sequencing confirmed that the variants in children 2 to 4 have derived from their mothers.@*CONCLUSION@#The pathogenic variants of the OTC gene probably underlay the delayed OTCD in 4 children. The discovery of the c.607T>A variant has enriched the mutational spectrum of the OTC gene.

Epidemiological Survey of Hemoglobinopathies Based on Next-Generation Sequencing Platform in Hunan Province, China / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

OBJECTIVE@#This study was aimed at investigating the carrier rate of, and molecular variation in, α- and β-globin gene mutations in Hunan Province.@*METHODS@#We recruited 25,946 individuals attending premarital screening from 42 districts and counties in all 14 cities of Hunan Province. Hematological screening was performed, and molecular parameters were assessed.@*RESULTS@#The overall carrier rate of thalassemia was 7.1%, including 4.83% for α-thalassemia, 2.15% for β-thalassemia, and 0.12% for both α- and β-thalassemia. The highest carrier rate of thalassemia was in Yongzhou (14.57%). The most abundant genotype of α-thalassemia and β-thalassemia was -α 3.7/αα (50.23%) and β IVS-II-654/β N (28.23%), respectively. Four α-globin mutations [CD108 (ACC>AAC), CAP +29 (G>C), Hb Agrinio and Hb Cervantes] and six β-globin mutations [CAP +8 (C>T), IVS-II-848 (C>T), -56 (G>C), beta nt-77 (G>C), codon 20/21 (-TGGA) and Hb Knossos] had not previously been identified in China. Furthermore, this study provides the first report of the carrier rates of abnormal hemoglobin variants and α-globin triplication in Hunan Province, which were 0.49% and 1.99%, respectively.@*CONCLUSION@#Our study demonstrates the high complexity and diversity of thalassemia gene mutations in the Hunan population. The results should facilitate genetic counselling and the prevention of severe thalassemia in this region.

Drug resistance and genomic characteristics of a strain of O139 Vibrio cholerae isolated from human bloodstream infection / 中华预防医学杂志

Objective: To analyze the drug resistance and genomic characteristics of a strain of serogroup O139 Vibrio cholerae producing cholera toxin isolated from the bloodstream of a person with bacteremia. Methods: The broth dilution method and automatic drug sensitivity analyzer were used to determine the antibiotic sensitivity of the strain. The complete genome sequence of the strain was obtained by using second-generation gene sequencing and nanopore sequencing. BLAST software was used for comparison and analysis with CARD, Resfinder, ISfinder, VFDB, and other databases. The drug-resistant genes, insertion sequences and virulence genes carried by the strain were identified. MEGA 5.1 software was used to construct a genetic phylogenetic tree based on the core genomic single nucleotide polymorphisms. Results: V. cholerae SH400, as the toxigenic strain, carried multiple virulence-related genes and four virulence islands. The strain was resistant to streptomycin, tetracycline and cotrimoxazole, carrying corresponding drug-resistant genes. The strain also carried IncA/C plasmid with the size of 172914 bp and contained 10 drug-resistant genes. Combined with the genomic evolutionary relationship, this study found that the drug-resistant genes and drug-resistant plasmids carried among strains showed certain aggregation. The traditional ST type of strain SH400 was ST69, and the cgMLST type was a new type highly similar to cgST-252. Conclusion: This strain of serogroup O139 V. cholerae carries the ctxAB gene, multiple drug-resistant genes and IncA/C plasmid, and there are multiple drug-resistant islands.

Domestic and international research status and trend of adolescent myopia: A bibliometrics based analysis / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To explore the current research progress, hot spots and future development trends of myopia in children and adolescents at home and abroad, thus providing references for the further research on the field.METHODS: Using China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI)and Web of Science(WOS)as data sources, the literature on myopia in children and adolescents from January 1, 2003 to December 31, 2022 was collected. Visual analyses were conducted based on the quantity of the published articles, authors, publishing institutions, journals as well as keyword co-occurrence, clustering, timeline graph and emergence by using the VOSviewer and CiteSpace.RESULT: The number of publications on myopia research has increased steadily both articles in Chinese and English. Xian-Gui He and Saw, Seang-Mei have published the most papers, and the Chinese Journal of School Health and Investigative Ophthalmology &#x0026; Visual Science published the most related articles. Shanghai Eye Disease Prevention and Treatment Center, and Sun Yat-sen University are the institutions with the most publications in the area. Clinical observation is the main focus of research both domestically and internationally, with orthokeratology, outdoor activities, axial length, prevalence, and influencing factors attracting much attention.CONCLUSION: Current research on myopia in children and adolescents focuses on the epidemiology, intervention measures, and biological parameters of the condition. Future research on myopia epidemiology is likely to become a major focus of research in this area.

Screening of anti-SARS-CoV-2 ligands from Chinese herbs based on a dual-target surface plasmon resonance biosensor / 药学学报

The epidemic of COVID-19 has brought great challenges to the global public health prevention and control system combined with clinical diagnosis and treatment system, and it makes the development of effective antiviral drugs an important task in current pharmaceutical research. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has played an important role in the prevention and control of COVID-19. Due to its numerous chemical components and various structural types, TCM becomes a natural library for searching for lead compounds against SARS-CoV-2. In this study, a novel dual-target surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor was developed for S protein receptor binding domain (SRBD) and angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) which are two key proteins in the process of SARS-CoV-2 invading cells according to characteristics of synergistic effects of multiple components and comprehensive regulation of multiple targets of TCM. The SPR biosensor was applied to screen and identify active components from six TCMs, and daidzin from Puerariae Lobatae Radix was identified to bind with SRBD and ACE2. The affinity constant (KD) of daidzin and ACE2 was 5.18 μmol·L-1 through the SPR affinity assay. Competitive ELISA assay showed that daidzin could inhibit the binding of SRBD and ACE2, and the inhibition rate of daidzin (20 μmol·L-1) was 38.6%. Molecular docking experiments further confirmed that daidzin had the best binding near the binding region of SRBD-ACE2 complex. This study shows that the dual-target SPR screening system is accurate and efficient, and is particularly suitable for screening of complex drug systems and effective substances study of TCM. It provides a material basis for exploring the mechanism of TCM active constituents against SARS-CoV-2, and provides a source of lead compounds for the development of anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs.

Identification of constituents in vitro and blood-absorbed ingredients of protective effect on acute liver injury from Yin Chen Hao decoction based on UPLC-QTOF/MS / 药学学报

To identify the active constituents in vitro and blood-absorbed ingredients in vivo from Yin Chen Hao decoction provides scientific evidence for probing its prevention and treatment mechanism on acute liver injury. An ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography quadrupole-time of flight-mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF/MS) method was applied for analysis of Yin Chen Hao decoction and the serum samples of mice with con-A induced acute liver injury after preventive oral administration for 14 days (the use of all laboratory animals in this study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Naval Medical University, 19YF1459400). A total of 90 chemical constituents were identified from Yin Chen Hao decoction, mainly were flavonoids, terpenoids, tannins, quinones. 5 prototype compounds were identified in the serum, including chrysophanol, deoxyrhapontin-8-O-gallate, mussaenosidic acid, herniarin, emodin. The established UPLC-QTOF/MS method could efficiently and sensitively identify the constituents in vitro and blood-absorbed ingredients of Yin Chen Hao decoction, primarily clarify the material basis of its hepatoprotective effect, and provided a scientific basis for the quality marker selection and the pharmacodynamic material basis research on the decoction.

Association between Norovirus epidemics and school toilets design and management in Chengdu City / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To analyze the relationship between the toilet design and sanitary condition of primary and secondary schools in Chengdu and the epidemic situation of Norovirus infection, so as to provide scientific references for school toilet design and Norovirus prevention and control.@*Methods@#A total of 78 cases of norovirus epidemics from 2019 to 2020 were included in this study. These epidemics happened in 78 schools and the causes were indicated as human-to-human transmission. The Chi square and Mann-Whitney U test were used to compare categorical and continuous data respectively. Unconditional binary Logistic regression was used to examine the multivariate associations.@*Results@#Most epidemics happened from October in 2019 to March in 2020(79.49%, 62 cases), in primary schools (71.79%, 56 cases) and in the center area (52.56%, 41 cases). The median of the case number in each epidemic was 10. Overall, 56 schools (71.79%) were equipped with toilets which were flushed independently, and 22 schools (28.21%) were equipped with toilets which were flushed uniformly. There were 27 schools (34.62%) that did not have enough water taps. Logistic regression analysis found that those with toilets flushed uniformly had a stronger epidemic, compared to the schools with toilets flushed independently( OR=5.53, 95%CI=1.63-18.76, P <0.05).@*Conclusion@#In order to prevent intestinal infectious diseases , it is suggested that schools should design or reconstruct independent flushing toilets with adequate faucets.

Research progress on the expression and distribution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in ocular tissues / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

Since 2019,severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)posed a great threat to human health and social economy, which has brought out hundreds of millions infection and caused millions of deaths worldwide. With the increasing research on SARS-CoV-2, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2(ACE2)has been regarded as a significant functional receptor for SARS-CoV-2 invasion. ACE2 is distributed in many tissues of human body, not only expressed in lung, cardiovascular, kidney tissues, but also in conjunctiva, cornea, uvea, retina and optic nerve tissue. More and more cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection through ocular tissues have been found; however, whether ocular ACE2 plays a role in SARS-CoV-2 infection is not completely clear. Therefore, study on expression and distribution of ACE2 in the ocular tissues can not only provide an in-depth understanding of the mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 infection, but also supply a comprehensive acquaintance with the mechanism of ACE2 action in the ocular tissues. In this paper, we review recent research progress about the expression and distribution of ACE2 in ocular tissues and hope to better understand the mechanism of ACE2 in the pathophysiological processes of ocular tissues.

Analysis of factors influencing campus bullying among junior and senior school students and construction of a nomogram model from Jiangsu Province / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To explore the influencing factors of exposure to campus bullying among junior and senior school students, and to establish a column line diagram model for risk prediction, while providing a theoretical basis for campus bullying prevention and control in secondary schools.@*Methods@#A total of 22 034 junior and senior school students were selected via direct sampling technique from September to November 2021 in 13 cities in Jiangsu Province, China, and questionnaires were administered using the Student Health Behavior Questionnaire. The Chi squared test and multifactor Logistic regression analysis were used to derive the influencing factors of exposure to campus bullying, and a column line graph prediction model was drawn.@*Results@#A total of 540 students reported that they had experienced campus bullying, with a prevalence rate of 2.45%. Being in a non conventional family ( OR =1.30,95% CI =1.02-1.65), overweight/obesity ( OR =1.35,95% CI =1.09-1.67), scolding by parents in the past 30 days ( OR =2.27,95% CI =1.82-2.84), cigarette smoking in the past 30 days ( OR =1.54,95% CI =1.11-2.15), Internet addiction ( OR =2.03，95% CI =1.34-3.08), and depressive symptoms( OR =5.24，95% CI =4.16-6.61), all of which were positively correlated with exposure to campus bullying among junior and senior school students ( P <0.05). Furthermore, the following factors were negatively associated with junior and senior school students protection from campus bullying in female students ( OR = 0.58 , 95% CI =0.46-0.72)，senior school students ( OR =0.68，95% CI =0.54-0.83), eating breakfast sometimes ( OR =0.37，95% CI = 0.22 -0.62), and eating breakfast everyday ( OR =0.28，95% CI =0.17-0.49) ( P <0.05). The column line graph established based on the above influencing factors had an area under the curve of 0.792 (95% CI =0.769-0.815), and the calibration curve showed that the predicted value was basically the same as the measured value.@*Conclusions@#Non conventional families, overweight/obesity, male students, junior school students, scolding by parents, cigarette smoking, Internet addiction, and depressive symptoms are correlated with school bullying among middle school students. The predictive model constructed in the study can provide an effective basis to predict the risk of school bullying and facilitate the implementation of proactive interventions for junior and senior school students.

Characteristic of immune function decline in the process of “Declined of Vital Qi” caused by aging in mice / 中国肿瘤生物治疗杂志

@#[摘 要] 目的：基于小鼠渐进衰老模型探讨衰老所致“正虚”的免疫功能衰退表征的特点。方法：使用不同月龄（2、6、15月龄）C57BL/6小鼠，通过流式细胞术检测并比较小鼠外周血和脾组织中T细胞、髓源性抑制细胞（MDSC）及其亚群的丰度变化。结果：外周血中T细胞亚群表型为CD3+CD4+CD44-CD62L+的幼稚CD4+ T细胞（2 vs 6月龄，P=0.137；2 vs 15月龄，P=0.004；6 vs 15月龄，P=0.105）和表型为CD3+CD8+CD44-CD62L+的幼稚CD8+ T细胞（2 vs 6月龄，P=0.179；2 vs 15月龄，P=0.001；6 vs 15月龄，P=0.015）出现与衰老有关的细胞比例降低，差异具有统计学意义。表型为CD3+CD4+CD44+CD62L+的中央记忆CD8+ T细胞出现与衰老有关的比例升高，差异具有统计学意义（2 vs 6月龄，P=0.01；2 vs 15月龄，P=0.007；6 vs 15月龄，P=0.164）。对脾组织的检测结果具有与外周血相同特点。同时，CD8+ T细胞比例随衰老逐渐升高（2 vs 6月龄，P=0.027；2 vs 15月龄，P<0.001；6 vs 15月龄，P<0.001）；表型为CD8+CD28+的活化CD8+ T细胞亚群比例也出现随月龄增长的上升（2 vs 6月龄，P=0.863； 2 vs 15月龄，P=0.016；6 vs 15月龄，P=0.024），差异均具有统计学意义。结论：衰老所致“正虚”过程中，不同免疫细胞亚群变化并不都反映免疫抑制特点，虽然总体免疫功能下降，但单一表型难以反应整体免疫功能变化。

Effectiveness of online and offline health education myopia intervention on primary school students / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To assess the effectiveness of online and offline myopia prevention and control health education interventions using wearable behavior monitoring tools for non myopic elementary school students,so as to provide evidence based medical support for public health practices.@*Methods@#From May to June in 2021, two schools were selected within the same county in Jiangsu Province. School 1 conducted online and offline parental health education ( n =111), while school 2 exclusively conducted offline health education activities, representing the traditional intervention group ( n =122). Students from both schools underwent monitoring through wearable behavior tracking tools, with feedback reports provided (eye distance, eye duration, ambient light, and outdoor exposure time). Both schools relied on activities to carry out health education interventions, and organized the distribution of promotional materials and display boards. The intervention group also established WeChat groups to conduct online "Healthy Parents Action" (answering and providing feedback on health knowledge related to myopia prevention and control, myopia prevention and control, science popularization, etc. raised by parents). Evaluation criteria included myopia rates, post dilation refractive error, and axial length, with a tracking period of two years (from 2021 to 2023). Additionally, the study collected refractive parameters from non myopic students who did not participate in wearable tool monitoring in the 12 classes across the two schools.@*Results@#The baseline results indicated that there were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of refractive parameters and wearable tool monitoring results (including screen time, viewing distance, outdoor exposure time, and homework light exposure)( t/Z/χ 2=1.94,1.17,0.58,0.40,0.80,0.69,0.32, P >0.05). After a two-year follow up, in the first and second year, the myopia rate of the online Healthy Parents Action group (11.4%, 29.7%) were lower than that of the traditional group (26.2%, 50.9%), and the degree of refractive change in the intervention group [0.63(0.38,1.19)D] was lower than that of the traditional group [0.91(0.40,1.50)D], and all the differences were statistically significant( χ 2/ Z =4.93，10.37，2.29， P <0.05). However, there were no significant differences ( P >0.05) in axial length changes between the two groups over the twoyear intervention period. Nevertheless, in the second year, the axial length change in the traditional group [0.35(0.20,0.65)mm] was lower than that in the natural observation group [0.55(0.30,0.75)mm], and this difference was statistically significant ( Z =1.92, P <0.05).@*Conclusions@#Online and offline myopia prevention and control health education can effectively reduce myopia rates. The intervention mode combining wearable behavior monitoring tools with online health education may have better effects, but further large sample and multi center studies are needed to provide additional evidence and confirmation.

Mechanism of Dahuang Zhechongwan in Inhibiting Renal Fibrosis in Rats by Regulating Intestinal Flora Based on 16S rDNA Sequencing / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect and mechanism of Dahuang Zhechongwan （DHZCW） on adenine-induced renal fibrosis in rats from the perspective of intestinal flora. MethodThirty-six SD rats were randomly divided into a blank group， a model group， and high-， medium- and low-dose DHZCW groups （0.168， 0.084， 0.042 g·kg-1）， and a pirfenidone group （200 mg·kg-1）， with 6 rats in each group. Except for those in the blank group， rats in other groups were treated with adenine suspension （250 mg·kg-1） by gavage for 28 days for renal fibrosis model induction. Subsequently， they received drug intervention for 4 weeks. Urine samples were collected from rats in metabolic cages， and renal function indicators including blood urea nitrogen （BUN）， urea， creatinine （Crea）， cystatin C （Cys C）， and 24-hour urine protein （24 h TP） were measured. Kidney samples were collected and subjected to hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining and Masson's trichrome staining to observe the pathological changes in rat renal tissues. Western blot was used to detect the expression levels of key effector proteins α-smooth muscle actin （α-SMA）， type Ⅰ collagen （ColⅠ）， and type Ⅲ collagen （ColⅢ） in the kidneys. High-throughput sequencing of 16S rDNA was used to analyze the species diversity of rat intestinal flora. ResultCompared with the blank group， the model group showed increased BUN， urea， Crea， Cys C， and 24 h TP levels （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the high-， medium-， and low-dose DHZCW groups， as well as the pirfenidone group， showed significant reductions in BUN， urea， Crea， Cys C， and 24 h TP levels （P<0.01）， indicating that DHZCW intervention significantly improved renal function. In the model group， renal tissues exhibited significant fibrotic changes， and the protein levels of α-SMA， ColⅠ， and ColⅢ were significantly increased （P<0.01） compared to those in the blank group. Compared with the model group， the high-dose DHZCW group and the pirfenidone group had relatively normal tissue structure， with no significant pathological damage observed. However， fibrotic changes were observed in the medium- and low-dose DHZCW groups， with the changes being more significant in the low-dose group. The protein levels of α-SMA， ColⅠ， and ColⅢ were significantly decreased in the high-， medium-， and low-dose DHZCW groups， as well as the pirfenidone group （P<0.01）， indicating that DHZCW effectively reduced abnormal collagen deposition and inhibited renal fibrosis. From the perspective of intestinal flora， at the phylum level， compared with the blank group， the model group showed a significant increase in the abundance of Firmicutes and a decrease in Bacteroidetes， leading to a significant imbalance in their ratio. At the family level， the model group decreased the abundance of Lachnospiraceae， Prevotellaceae， and Bacteroidota_unclassified， and increased the abundance of Ruminococcaceae， Lactobacillaceae， and Oscillospiraceae. At the genus level， the model group showed significantly reduced abundance of Firmicutes_unclassified， Bacteroidota_unclassified， and Prevotellaceae_UCG-001， etc.， and increased abundance of UCG-005， Clostridia_UCG-014_unclassified， etc. Compared with the model group， DHZCW effectively reduced the abundance of potential pathogenic bacteria and increased the abundance of beneficial bacteria， regulating the intestinal flora. ConclusionDHZCW can effectively improve renal function and inhibit renal fibrosis， and its mechanism of action may be related to the regulation of intestinal flora.

Optimization strategies of anesthesia for modified radical mastectomy: pecto-intercostal fascial block-pectoral nerve block type Ⅱ-general anesthesia / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy of pecto-intercostal fascial block (PIFB)-pectoral nerve block type Ⅱ (PECS Ⅱ block)-general anesthesia for modified radical mastectomy.Methods:Forty-six patients, of American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status classification Ⅰ or Ⅱ, aged 40-65 yr, scheduled for elective modified radical mastectomy, were divided into 2 groups ( n=23 each) using a random number table method: PECS Ⅱ block-general anesthesia group (group P+ G) and PIFB-PECS Ⅱ block-general anesthesia group (group P+ P+ G). The patients received ultrasound-guided PECS Ⅱ block (P+ G group) or PIFB combined with PECS Ⅱ block (P+ P+ G group) in the pre-anesthesia room. Then the patients were admitted to the operating room, and midazolam, propofol, sufentanil and cisatracurium were used for anesthesia induction, and sevoflurane, remifentanil and cisatracurium were used for anesthesia maintenance. The intraoperative consumption of remifentanil, emergence time and extubation time were recorded. Flurbiprofen axetil 50 mg was intravenously injected as rescue analgesic after operation, and visual analog scale score was maintained ≤3 at rest. The requirement for rescue analgesia and occurrence of nausea and vomiting within 24 h after operation were recorded. Results:Compared with group P+ G, the intraoperative consumption of remifentanil was significantly decreased, the emergence time and extubation time were shortened, the rate of rescue analgesia within 24 h after operation was decreased, the time of first rescue analgesia was prolonged ( P<0.05), and no significant change was found in the incidence of nausea and vomiting in group P+ P+ G ( P>0.05). Conclusions:Compared with PECS Ⅱ block-general anesthesia, PIFB-PECS Ⅱ block-general anesthesia can reduce the amount of intraoperative opioids, inhibit postoperative hyperalgesia and promote early postoperative recovery when used for modified radical mastectomy.

Investigation report on an outbreak of cutaneous anthrax in Caoxian County, Heze City, Shandong Province in 2021 / 中华地方病学杂志

Objective:To analyze the cause and epidemiological characteristics of an outbreak of cutaneous anthrax in Caoxian County, Heze City, Shandong Province, and to provide scientific basis for anthrax prevention and control.Methods:Using on-site epidemiological investigation methods and the "Anthrax Epidemiological Case Investigation Form", case investigations were conducted based on the epidemiological contact history and close contacts of suspected anthrax cases reported by the national health care system ( n = 83). Scorched skin smears, diseased cattle tissues, soil samples from the slaughter site and smears from slaughter utensils were collected from cases for Real-time PCR testing and pathogenic bacteria isolation and culture, respectively. Anthrax determination criteria were carried out with reference to "Anthrax Diagnosis" (WS 283-2020). Results:A total of 13 cases of cutaneous anthrax were found in this outbreak, including 12 clinically diagnosed cases and one confirmed case (positive Real-time PCR test and isolation of a strain of Bacillus anthracis). The epidemiological investigation determined that the source of infection in this outbreak was diseased cattle, the transmission route was through slaughter of diseased cattle, contact with contaminated utensils and related cattle products, and the patients were mainly engaged in occupations related to cattle slaughter or cattle product collection and sale. A total of 84 samples were collected, including 13 skin scabs, 64 environmental samples and 7 beef samples. Thirty-six positive PCR tests were performed, with a positive rate of 42.86% (36/84). Among them, 100.00% (13/13) were positive for skin scab smear specimens, 29.69% (19/64) for environmental samples and 4/7 for beef samples. A total of 8 strains of Bacillus anthracis were isolated, including 6 environmental specimens, 1 suspected case and 1 beef strain, with an overall detection rate of 9.52% (8/84). Eighty-three close contacts were investigated. Thirteen households involved in the epidemic were disinfected by spraying (200 ml/m 2) with chlorine-containing disinfectant (5 000 mg/L), and a total of 40 households involved in the epidemic were disinfected, covering an area of about 10 765 m 2. Forty-five pieces of suspected contaminated clothing were burned and disposed of, and 152 pieces of kitchenware were soaked. Conclusions:Slaughter of infected cattle, contact with contaminated utensils and related cattle products are the main causes of this skin anthrax outbreak. Strengthening market supervision, deepening inter-animal epidemic prevention, carrying out publicity and education on anthrax prevention and control, and enhancing practitioners' awareness of disease prevention is the key to prevent anthrax from occurring.